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Removing the Blinders: Acknowledging the Unique Needs of Girls of Color in the Juvenile Justice System

As anyone who knows about the juvenile justice system will tell you, girls who are in the system are there because of a history of abuse. But why girls are there and the unique needs faced by girls of color is something largely ignored, even by those working in the justice system. For example, we know that girls’ brains develop earlier than boys do; we also know that so do their bodies. Unique factors such as these are precisely why I recently wrote and presented, “Blind Discretion: Girls of Color and Delinquency in the Juvenile Justice System.”
The juvenile justice system was designed to empower its decisionmakers with a wide grant of discretion in hopes of better addressing youth in a more individualistic and holistic, and therefore more effective, manner. Unfortunately for girls of color in the system, this discretionary charter given to police, probation officers, and especially judges has operated without sufficiently acknowledging and addressing their unique position. Indeed, the dearth of adequate gender/race intersectional analysis in the research and stark absence of significant system tools directed at the specific characteristics of and circumstances faced by girls of color has tracked alarming trends such as the rising number of girls in the system and relatively harsher punishment they receive compared to boys for similar offenses. This willful blindness must stop.

The High Cost of Convicting Teens as Adults

The policy of trying 16- and 17-year-old nonviolent offenders as adults in criminal court has a damaging effect on the lifetime earnings potential of nearly 1,000 teenaged New Yorkers each year—costing them an estimated, cumulative total of between $50 million and $60 million in lost income over the course of their lives.
A Child Welfare Watch analysis demonstrates that the policy of trying 16- and 17-year-old nonviolent felony and misdemeanor offenders in adult criminal court has a high cost in foregone wages for each annual cohort of 16- and 17-year-olds that passes through the adult criminal courts, and also costs the government unknown millions in lost taxes.
The Watch reached its estimate using a method similar to that applied by researchers at the Vera Institute of Justice when they performed a 2011 cost-benefit analysis for a North Carolina state legislature task force. At the time, North Carolina was considering a legislative change that would have shifted cases of 16- and 17-year-olds charged with nonviolent crime to the state’s juvenile system.
Our analysis did not approach the full scope of the North Carolina study. Instead, we adapted one particular component—the cost of the current policy in lost earnings potential for young people tried in adult court who end up with a permanent criminal record. The authors of the North Carolina analysis calculated the loss in wages over a lifetime, finding that the average net present value of the earning differential between people with a record and those without totals $61,691 per person.

Teens Learn Teamwork and Patience by Building Gingerbread Houses

Hardin County Reclaiming Futures was recently invited to speak to a local church group about their Recovery School (Hardin Community School) and Hardin County Reclaiming Futures Juvenile Drug Court. The church members loved hearing about the community initiative and wanted to reach out to the local youth by donating funds for a gingerbread house project.
The project began on December 10, 2012 for the Recovery School students who had a week to complete their houses. Now that the houses are finished, we are holding a contest on our Facebook page for the best houses. Hardin County’s Reclaiming Futures Fellows are also invited to come in for judging and awarding prizes.  Almost the entire student body at the recovery school turned out to participate in the project.
Most students anticipated doing their own gingerbread house, but quickly realized that the task was not as easy as one would think and most began working together as teams to build the walls and the roofs. The houses were made of graham crackers and held together by a special icing to help hold the structure together. Decorations were available as multiple assortments of candies.  

Racial Discrimination Linked to Higher Risk of Crime

Dr. Callie Burt, assistant professor at Arizona State University’s School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, recently published a report with her colleagues, Ronald L. Simons and Frederick X. Gibbons, linking racial discrimination with criminal behavior. The paper, Racial Discrimination, Ethnic-Racial Socialization, and Crime, reported that experiencing more racial discrimination was linked to a higher risk of crime, specifically in African-American males.
Burt set out to take another look at racism in interpersonal violence and crime to answer the question, what is it about racist actions that can cause an increased risk of crime later in life? She found that racial discrimination primarily does four things to individuals:

Tips for Talking to Kids about Violence

Children are naturally curious and may have questions about the violence they see on TV and hear about in the news. Research shows that kids want to talk with parents and caring adults about tough issues - including violence - and that those who have early conversations are more likely to continue to turn to adults as they grow older. But, it can be difficult to talk about violence with kids, so we have compiled a list of resources for parents and youth workers:

Topics: No bio box, Trauma

Deadline Approaching for Information Sharing Certificate Program

The Center for Juvenile Justice Reform and the Juvenile Law Center are hosting the second Information Sharing Certificate Program in March of 2013.
The Informaion Sharing Certificate Program is designed to enable leaders in the juvenile justice, child welfare, education, behavioral health and other child serving fields to overcome information sharing challenges that prevent the communication and coordination that is necessary to more fully serve youth known across multiple systems of care. Upon completion of the intensive three-day learning experience, participants apply the knowledge they gain through the development and implementation of a Capstone Project—an action agenda they undertake in their organization/community to initiate or enhance information sharing efforts. To accelerate these efforts, it is strongly encouraged that those interested in attending form a team from their jurisdiction to apply to the program.
Applications are due December 20, 2012

Court Inundated With Non-Dangerous Kids Arrested Because They ‘Make Adults Mad’ and More; News Roundup

Juvenile Justice Reform

  • State Turns Attention to Juvenile Justice Reforms (AJC.com)
    A special state council in Atlanta will recommend repairs for a juvenile justice system that spends $91,000 a year for each bed in its state detention centers. Council members point to the enormous expense of incarcerating young offenders in a state “youth development campus,” or YDC, while producing poor results, as evidence that the system isn’t working.
  • Juvenile Judge: My Court Was Inundated With Non-Dangerous Kids Arrested Because They ‘Make Adults Mad’ (ThinkProgress.org)
    The United States is not just the number one jailer in the world. It also incarcerates juveniles at a rate that eclipses every other country. Evidence has long been building that schools use the correctional system as a misplaced mechanism for discipline, with children being sent to detention facilities for offenses as minor as wearing the wrong color socks to school.
  • Arrests, Juvenile Detention, and High School Dropouts in Chicago (ChicagoMag.com)
    Descriptively, our data reveal that of the Chicago public school students who steered clear of the juvenile justice system, 64 percent went on to graduate high school. In contrast, a mere 26 percent of arrested students graduated high school. Of those young adults without a criminal record who graduated high school or obtained a GED, 35 percent enrolled in a 4-year college. Yet for arrestees, 16 percent subsequently enrolled in a 4-year college.
  • York Co. South Carolina Juvenile Justice Kids Collecting Food for Hungry (HeraldOnline.com)
    For the first time this year, DJJ is collecting nonperishable canned goods to distribute to four York County, South Carolina charities for the holidays. The drive, which started Nov. 1, ends Friday. Aiming to become part of a “community of givers,” DJJ teamed up with the county solicitor’s office, Coca Cola and Best Buy to find a “creative” way to bolster donations that are common this time of year, said Amahl Bennett, DJJ director.
  • Governor Wants To Merge Juvenile Justice & Corrections (KCUR.org)
    Kansas Governor Sam Brownback wants to merge the state's Juvenile Justice Authority with the Department of Corrections. The governor says he’ll propose an executive reorganization order in the coming legislative session to merge the two agencies.
  • New Ga. Juvenile Justice Chief Focuses on Problems (SFGate.com)
    When five young men slipped out of a juvenile detention center a month and a half ago in Augusta, stealing a car and leading police on a chase, it was just the latest in a string of setbacks for officials trying to turn around Georgia's system for young criminals.
  • Strengthening Florida's Juvenile Justice System (TBO.com)
    There is a lot to like about the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice's new "Roadmap to System Excellence," the topic of town hall meetings last week in Hillsborough and Pinellas Counties. Members of the Florida Juvenile Justice Association, who deliver services across Florida, ranging from prevention through reentry and everything in between, know that with every well-intentioned plan, the devil is often in the details.

Lucas County Makes News Helping Teens Break Cycle of Drugs, Alcohol and Crime

We welcome Lucas County, Ohio, to Reclaiming Futures!
In the news clip above, Project Director LaTonya Harris, explains how new funding will transform their juvenile drug court by coordinating services so young people have access to better treatment and support beyond treatment.
Lucas County, Ohio, will receive $1.32 million in funding from the Office of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), over the next four years, to improve and enhance their juvenile drug courts by integrating the Reclaiming Futures' model into the court.

Last Day to Apply for Journalism Fellowships

Calling all bloggers and journalists: Today is the last day to apply for the John Jay College / H.F. Guggenheim Journalism Fellowships! 15 fellowships will be awarded to journalists covering education, politics, health, crime or courts to attend a two-day conference in February. The fellowships will focus on the following theme: Smart Justice: Changing How We Think About Crime and Punishment (and How We Report It)
From the application:

Possible journalist topics include: policing (evidence based or smart policing); victim/offender reconciliation; the politics of criminal justice, sentencing reform; reentry strategies.
Applications should focus on the intersection of reporters' assigned beats with criminal justice, and be related to work in progress or proposed work slated for publication. The project should be supported by a senior editor, with a letter attesting to their commitment to publish the final work. Freelancers are encouraged to apply. Their work will be also be published on www.thecrimereport.org, a national criminal justice news service published by Center on Media, Crime and Justice and Criminal Justice Journalists.

Fellows will be required to attend both days of the conference in its entirety. Fellows from outside the New York area will be awarded an all expense-paid trip to NYC for three days. In lieu of travel expenses, New York-region journalists will be awarded a $500 stipend to be used towards their proposed news projects. Meals and local travel will be provided for all Fellows for the duration of the symposium.

Topics: No bio box

Defining Trauma – Give SAMHSA Your Feedback

Increasingly, multiple federal agencies representing various service sectors have recognized the impact of trauma on the children, adults, and families they serve. In 2011, in its strategic action plan, SAMHSA designated Trauma as one of its key initiatives. This led SAMHSA to revisit its trauma-related concepts and programming and their applicability not only to behavioral health but to other related fields.
In May 2012, after an extensive literature and policy review, SAMHSA convened a group of national experts to assist in the development of a working definition of trauma and trauma-informed approaches, and principles and guidelines for implementing a trauma-informed approach to services. The experts included trauma survivors, practitioners from multiple fields, researchers and policy makers.
SAMHSA is now seeking input from the public and is inviting those interested in this issue to read and provide feedback on the complete concept paper, SAMHSA’s Working Definition of Trauma and Principles and Guidance for a Trauma-Informed Approach.

Topics: No bio box, Trauma

Reclaiming Futures Receives $6.15 Million to Expand in Nine New Communities

On December 10, 2012, the North Carolina Department of Public Safety announced new investments in a public-private partnership with the Duke Endowment and the Kate B. Reynolds Charitable Trust to reform the state's juvenile justice system. Together the foundations are contributing $888,000 to bring Reclaiming Futures to six additional communities in North Carolina.

On December 11, 2012, Reclaiming Futures announced a $5.27 million award from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention to improve drug and alcohol treatment for teens in trouble with the law in the following communities: 

  • Lucas County, Ohio
  • Forsyth County, N.C. 
  • Duval County, Fla.

The funding will also provide training and technical assistance for the existing six federally-funded Reclaiming Futures sites in addition to these three new communities.
Reclaiming Futures brings together judges, probation officers, treatment providers, families and community members to focus on three common goals for teens: more treatment, better treatment and community connections beyond treatment, in 37 sites across 18 states.

New Study Looks at Transferring Juveniles to Adult Court

The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP)'s December bulletin focuses on a new study, “Transfer of Adolescents to Adult Court: Effects of a Broad Policy in One Court.” The bulletin discusses the effects and implications of transferring juveniles from youth court to adult court. The data shared provides a deeper understanding of how juveniles mature out of offending and how the justice system can promote positive changes in the lives of juvenile youth.
The bulletin presents findings from the Pathways to Desistance, which looks to answer the question “How and why do many serious adolescent offenders stop offending while others continue to commit crimes?” The authors share the findings from the Pathways study to discuss the implications for juveniles when looking at future youth transfers.
Findings show that most of the youth in the study who were sent to adult facilities returned to the community within a few years, varying widely in their levels of adjustment. Prior work indicates that transferred youth are more likely to commit criminal acts than adolescents kept in the juvenile justice system.
To read the full bulletin click here.
 

Healing Words: Creative Writing Programs as Therapy for Kids in Detention and More; News Roundup

Juvenile Justice Reform

  • A Handful of States Lead the Way on Juvenile Crime Prevention (TheCrimeReport.org)
    States are "surprisingly slow" in adopting proven methods to deal with violent or delinquent youth and their families, a national juvenile justice conference was told today. Failure to use the programs has been shown to result in higher crime rates and higher costs.
  • Healing Words: Creative Writing Programs as Therapy for Kids in Detention (JJIE.org)
    Many programs incorporating elements of creative writing have been set up across the nation’s juvenile halls and treatment facilities, with the National Endowment for the Arts recognizing creative writing workshops like Massachusetts’ Actors’ Shakespeare Project and the Los Angeles-based InsideOUT Writers.
  • St. Clair County Gives Child Court Cases Special Treatment (BND.com)
    Court cases involving children will be handled by a new team at the St. Clair County, Illinois, State's Attorney's Office. St. Clair County State's Attorney Brendan Kelly created the Children's Justice Division, headed by assistant state's attorney and new mother Anna Young.
  • Foundation Strives to Create Legacy for Juvenile Justice Reform (JJIE.org)
    The nonprofit MacArthur Foundation has spent more than $100 million since 2004 on developing blueprints for reform within the juvenile justice systems of 16 states. Earlier this week, its reform initiative, Models for Change, brought together nearly 400 judges, advocates, probation officers and other juvenile justice professionals for two days of workshops in Washington, D.C.

Juvenile Justice and Adolescent Treatment Leaders in New Jersey Learn More About Reclaiming Futures

On November 13 and 15 in Mt. Laurel and Morristown, New Jersey, leaders from around the state of New Jersey and a variety of youth-serving disciplines, gathered to learn more about the national and local problems facing communities and the solutions offered by Reclaiming Futures.
Reclaiming Futures is working with New Jersey Health Initiatives (NJHI), a program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, to conduct a six-month readiness assessment to determine if the Reclaiming Futures model, offering more treatement, better treatment and support beyond treatment, can be implemented in New Jersey, with support and funding through NJHI.
According to national data, almost two million young people ages 12 to 17 need treatment for substance abuse or dependence, but only one in 20 will get treated. That's unfortunate, because effective adolescent substance abuse treatment can help teens stay out of trouble, make our communities safer, and save money.
Young people need to be held accountable when they break the law, but unless they receive treatment when they have a substance abuse problem, they will likely find themselves back in juvenile court again and again.
Please contact Reclaiming Futures at 503-725-8911, or email info@reclaimingfutures.org for more information about bringing Reclaiming Futures to your community.

[New Report] Results from the 2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Mental Health Findings

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) released its annual report on mental health, The 2011 Mental Health Findings Report (PDF download), with new insights about mental disorders of 12 through 17 year olds.
Estimates in the report include major depressive episodes (MDE), treatment for depression (among youths with MDE), and mental health service utilization. The report focuses mainly on trends between 2010 and 2011 and differences across population subgroups in 2011. Major findings from the report are included below.
Teens were mostly likely to seek mental health services for depression. Additional reasons are included in the chart below:

Florida's Roadmap to Juvenile Justice System Excellence

In this short video, Wansley Walters, Florida's Department of Juvenile Justice Secretary, says that Florida is focusing on reducing recidivism and saving taxpayer money.

Their reform efforts center on Walters' "roadmap to system excellence" which includes strategies to prevent and divert at-risk youth, find alternatives to secure detention facilities and allocating resources more effectively.

Justice System Reinvestment Pays Additional Dividends

When criminal justice systems reduce prison populations and reinvest a portion of the savings in evidence-based methods of reducing crime, not only are taxpayer dollars saved, but more efficient and effective programs can be fiscally prioritized.
For example, Kentucky is using a portion of the savings from reduced prison populations to fund drug treatment beds that aim to get more Kentucky offenders off drugs—for good. Recent data showed Kentucky policymakers that drug treatment can cut recidivism among otherwise addicted inmates by one-third, and the Kentucky Legislature jumped at the chance to save money and reduce crime in their state.
In Hawaii, crime victims will receive additional attention as some of the justice reinvestment savings are used to fund victim counselors and their support staff. This will permit their victims’ outreach efforts to expand from violent crime victims to violent and property crime victims, and for longer periods of time. Putting the focus on victims in this way not only makes the criminal justice system more responsive to community needs, but also what is necessary to make the harmed party whole after the criminal act.

Wisconsin Seeking Juvenile Justice Reform Recommendations

Wisconsin Governor Scott Walker's Juvenile Justice Commission is seeking concept papers for evidence-based and collaborative initiatives that will improve their local juvenile justice systems. Specifically, their funding priorities are:

  • Juvenile justice system improvement in the area of disproportionate minority contact
  • Juvenile justice system improvement in the area of maintaining compliance with the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act
  • Juvenile justice system improvement by enhancing capacity-building at the state and local levels
  • Juvenile justice system improvement in the area of data collections/information-sharing at the state and local levels

Examples of initiatives that may be funded include:

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